Learning Chinese can be both a challenging and rewarding experience. One of the essential aspects of mastering the language is understanding how to use various grammatical structures. Among these structures, prepositions play a crucial role in connecting words and phrases to indicate relationships between different elements in a sentence. One such preposition that frequently appears in Chinese is “通过” (tōngguò), which translates to “through” in English.
Basic Understanding of “通过”
In Chinese, “通过” is a versatile preposition that can be used in various contexts to express the idea of passing through, by means of, or via. This preposition can be utilized in both literal and figurative senses, making it an essential component of the Chinese language. To help you understand how to use “通过” effectively, let’s delve into its different applications.
Literal Usage
When used literally, “通过” indicates the act of physically passing through a place or object. Here are some examples to illustrate this usage:
1. 我们通过隧道到达了城市的另一边。(Wǒmen tōngguò suìdào dàodále chéngshì de lìng yī biān.)
– We reached the other side of the city through the tunnel.
2. 他通过门走了出去。(Tā tōngguò mén zǒule chūqù.)
– He walked out through the door.
In these examples, “通过” is used to describe the act of moving from one place to another by passing through a physical barrier or space.
Figurative Usage
In addition to its literal meaning, “通过” can also be used figuratively to indicate achieving something by means of a particular method or process. Here are some examples:
1. 他通过努力终于成功了。(Tā tōngguò nǔlì zhōngyú chénggōngle.)
– He finally succeeded through hard work.
2. 我们通过朋友了解了这个消息。(Wǒmen tōngguò péngyǒu liǎojiěle zhège xiāoxi.)
– We learned about this news through friends.
In these sentences, “通过” is used to convey the idea of achieving a goal or obtaining information by means of a specific method or intermediary.
Common Structures with “通过”
To effectively use “通过” in your Chinese sentences, it’s essential to understand the common structures in which this preposition appears. Here are some of the most frequently used patterns:
通过 + Noun
One of the most straightforward ways to use “通过” is by pairing it with a noun. This structure is used to indicate that something is achieved or realized through the means of the noun. For example:
1. 我们通过考试。(Wǒmen tōngguò kǎoshì.)
– We passed the exam through the test.
2. 他通过邮件联系我。(Tā tōngguò yóujiàn liánxì wǒ.)
– He contacted me through email.
通过 + Verb
Another common structure involves using “通过” with a verb to indicate the means or method by which an action is performed. For example:
1. 我们通过讨论解决了问题。(Wǒmen tōngguò tǎolùn jiějuéle wèntí.)
– We solved the problem through discussion.
2. 他通过练习提高了自己的技能。(Tā tōngguò liànxí tígāole zìjǐ de jìnéng.)
– He improved his skills through practice.
通过 + Clause
In more complex sentences, “通过” can be used with an entire clause to indicate the means or method by which the action of the main clause is achieved. For example:
1. 我们通过努力工作，让公司取得了成功。(Wǒmen tōngguò nǔlì gōngzuò, ràng gōngsī qǔdéle chénggōng.)
– We made the company successful through hard work.
2. 他通过不断学习，终于掌握了这门技术。(Tā tōngguò bùduàn xuéxí, zhōngyú zhǎngwòle zhè mén jìshù.)
– He finally mastered the technique through continuous learning.
Nuances and Variations
While “通过” is a versatile preposition, it’s essential to be aware of its nuances and variations to use it accurately in different contexts. Here are some important points to consider:
通过 vs. 经由
Another preposition that is often used interchangeably with “通过” is “经由” (jīngyóu), which also means “through” or “via.” However, “经由” is more commonly used in formal or written language, whereas “通过” is more versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts. For example:
1. 这封信是经由邮局寄送的。(Zhè fēng xìn shì jīngyóu yóujú jìsòng de.)
– This letter was sent via the post office.
2. 他通过朋友了解了情况。(Tā tōngguò péngyǒu liǎojiěle qíngkuàng.)
– He learned about the situation through friends.
通过 vs. 借助
Another similar expression is “借助” (jièzhù), which means “with the help of” or “by means of.” While “通过” focuses on the process or means, “借助” emphasizes the assistance or support provided by something or someone. For example:
1. 我们借助工具完成了任务。(Wǒmen jièzhù gōngjù wánchéngle rènwù.)
– We completed the task with the help of tools.
2. 他通过努力取得了成功。(Tā tōngguò nǔlì qǔdéle chénggōng.)
– He achieved success through hard work.
通过 vs. 经过
The preposition “经过” (jīngguò) is another word that can sometimes be confused with “通过.” While both can mean “through,” “经过” often implies a sense of passing by or going through a process, whereas “通过” can indicate a broader range of means or methods. For example:
1. 我们经过公园去上班。(Wǒmen jīngguò gōngyuán qù shàngbān.)
– We go to work through the park (passing by the park).
2. 他通过考试获得了证书。(Tā tōngguò kǎoshì huòdéle zhèngshū.)
– He obtained the certificate through the exam.
Practical Tips for Using “通过”
To master the use of “通过” in Chinese, here are some practical tips that can help you incorporate this preposition effectively into your language skills:
Practice with Real-life Examples
One of the best ways to get comfortable with using “通过” is to practice with real-life examples. Try to create sentences based on your daily experiences or use examples from Chinese media, such as news articles, books, or movies.
Pay Attention to Context
Understanding the context in which “通过” is used is crucial for mastering its usage. Pay attention to how native speakers use this preposition in different situations and try to mimic their usage in your own sentences.
Use Language Learning Resources
Utilize language learning resources, such as textbooks, online courses, and language exchange partners, to practice and get feedback on your usage of “通过.” These resources can provide valuable insights and help you refine your skills.
Conclusion
The preposition “通过” (tōngguò) is an essential component of Chinese grammar that allows speakers to express the idea of passing through, by means of, or via. By understanding its literal and figurative usages, common structures, nuances, and variations, you can effectively incorporate “通过” into your Chinese language skills. Practice regularly, pay attention to context, and utilize language learning resources to master this versatile preposition and enhance your overall proficiency in Chinese.
