Democracy – A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Many countries around the world have adopted democracy as a means to ensure freedom and equality among their citizens.
Constitution – A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.
The U.S. Constitution establishes the framework of the federal government and its relationship with the states and citizens.
Legislature – A group of people who have the power to make laws.
The legislature is currently debating a new bill that could significantly impact the economy.
Republic – A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
India is the largest republic in the world, with a population of over a billion people.
Policy – A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual.
The government’s foreign policy has been focused on improving relations with neighboring countries.
Liberal – Open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values; often associated with policies promoting social welfare, civil rights, and mixed economies.
The candidate’s liberal views on healthcare reform have gained him a lot of support from younger voters.
Conservative – Holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation; typically associated with right-wing politics.
Conservative parties tend to emphasize personal responsibility, free markets, and individual liberty.
Election – A formal and organized process of electing or being elected, especially of members of a political body.
The upcoming election will determine the next president of the country.
Campaign – Work in an organized and active way toward a particular goal, typically a political or social one.
The senator’s campaign has been focusing on issues like education and healthcare.
Debate – A formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward.
The national debate competition will feature topics ranging from environmental policies to international relations.
Amendment – A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc.
The amendment to the bill was accepted after much deliberation, adding new provisions for renewable energy incentives.
Bipartisan – Involving the agreement or cooperation of two political parties that usually oppose each other’s policies.
The bipartisan agreement was seen as a major achievement in a time of deep political division.
Referendum – A general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.
The referendum on EU membership resulted in a surprising decision to leave the union.
Socialism – A political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Socialism is often contrasted with capitalism, which advocates private ownership and free markets.
Capitalism – An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Capitalism is praised for encouraging innovation and economic growth, but criticized for leading to inequality and social injustice.
Incumbent – The current holder of an office or position, usually in relation to an election.
The incumbent mayor is facing a tough re-election battle against a popular challenger.
Sanctions – Measures taken by a country to restrict trade and official contact with a country in order to influence its government.
The international community imposed sanctions on the country following its recent actions threatening global peace.
Diplomacy – The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country’s representatives abroad.
Diplomacy plays a crucial role in maintaining relationships between countries and resolving conflicts peacefully.
Autocracy – A system of government by one person with absolute power.
Historically, autocracy has often led to a lack of accountability and widespread corruption.
Federation – A group of states with a central government but independence in internal affairs; a federal union.
The Russian Federation is a complex entity composed of numerous republics and regions with varying degrees of autonomy.
Understanding these terms not only enriches your vocabulary but also enhances your comprehension of global events and helps you engage more effectively in political discussions. Whether you are watching the news, reading articles, or participating in debates, these vocabulary words provide a foundation for a better understanding of the world of politics.
